"Eyes became ears, moves music": How John Cage composed by playing chess.

John Cage is famous for his aleatoric music, but the first composer to leave something to chance might actually have been the artist Marcel Duchamp, who published "Erratum Musical" in 1913. Later in life, Duchamp collaborated with Cage on a chess-based composition, the playing of which involved the covering or uncovering of the chessboard's 64 photoresistors.